还是英语翻译1. What is the major cause for China’s large income di

还是英语翻译
1. What is the major cause for China’s large income disparity?
The popular explanations for today’s large income disparity in China include: the regional
disparity caused by the government’s preferential policy towards coastal zones, the swelling
1043-951X/02/$ – see front matter D 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Inc.
PII: S1043-951X(02)00089-5
E-mail address: gchang3@utoledo.edu (G.H. Chang).
China Economic Review 13 (2002) 335–340
group of emerging rich entrepreneurs during economic transition and growth, the increasing
number of government officials and their associates who became rich through corruption and
other unlawful activities, and the continuing urban–rural income gap (Lu, 2002; Fang,
Zhang, & Fan, 2002). While all these explanations are valid, I will argue that the most critical
factor is the urban–rural gap.
Let us first examine regional disparity. Column 1 of Table 2 reports the coefficients of
variation of the average GDP per capita figures of all provinces during the reform period from
1978 to 2001. The coefficient of variation is the ratio of standard deviation to the mean,
which measures the relative dispersion of the GDP per capita levels among the provinces.
Column 1 shows that, while the regional disparity in GDP per capita increased somewhat in
the nineties, the disparity in recent years is comparable or even smaller than those in the late
1970s and early 1980s. Speaking in terms of the entire reform period from 1978 through
today, the regional disparity has not grown.
What about income disparity among individuals? China’s National Bureau of Statistics
(CNBS) conducts regular surveys on households’ income. The Gini coefficients calculated by
CNBS from the survey for the urban and rural areas in China are reported in Columns 2 and
3. The intra-urban and intra-rural Gini coefficients have been below .30 and .34, respectively,
which are within the acceptable levels by the international standard. In other words, the
income gaps among the individuals, rich and poor, within urban areas or rural areas, are notThe Gini coefficients for the nation in the last column deviate from the data for urban and rural areas because of
the difference in the data source.

1.什么是最主要的原因,中国巨大的收入差距?
在今天的大流行的解释的收入差距在中国,包括:区域
差异造成的政府的优惠政策,对沿海地区的肿胀
1043-951X / 02 /美元——看到前面物质D 2002年发表的科学.
有价证券S1043-951X(02)00089-5.
电子邮件地址(g·h·gchang3@utoledo.edu:张).
中国经济评论》13(2002)335-340
富有的企业家在一些新兴经济转型和发展,不断增加
一些政府官员、并他们的同党面前变得丰富,透过贪污
其他非法活动,并持续的城乡收入差距(鲁,2002年芳,
张先生,风扇,2002年).虽然所有这些解释是有效的,我也会认为是最重要的
因子是我国城乡差距.
让我们先区域差异.第一栏的系数表2报告
变异的平均人均国内生产总值数据各省在改革时期
1978年到2001年.变异系数的比率是标准差的意思,
衡量相对分散的人均国内生产总值在省.
第一栏显示,而区域差异的人均国内生产总值增加一些
二十世纪九十年代,差距是近年来可比甚至小于晚
20世纪70年代和80年代早期).在整个改革方面从1978年通过
今天,这个区域差异没有增长.
个人收入差距呢?中国国家统计局公布的数据
(CNBS)进行定期调查的家庭收入.摘要基尼系数
从调查的CNBS对城市和农村地区在中国被发表在柱2
3.这个intra-urban和intra-rural一直基尼系数分别为港和.34,
在可以接受的水平,以国际标准.换句话说,这个
在个人收入差距,富人和穷人,在市区和农村地区,是对国家的基尼系数notThe在最后一栏偏离数据为城市和农村地区因
不同的数据源