英语的标点符号与我们有什么不同 举个例子 example

英语的标点符号与我们有什么不同 举个例子 example

中英文标点符号的差异
汉语中目前使用的标点符号是参考借鉴西文的标点体系而制定的,它既保留了西文标点的
主体特征,又带有与汉语语言特点相适应的特色.因而,中英文标点符号之间存在着一定
的差异.
⒈ 汉语中的某些标点符号为英语所没有.
⑴ 顿号（、）：顿号在汉语中起分割句子中的并列成分的作用；英语中没有顿号,分割句
中的并列成分多用逗号.如：
She slowly, carefully, deliberately moved the box.
注意：类似的情况下,最后一个逗号后可加and,这个逗号也可省略--She slowly,
carefully(,) and deliberately moved the box.
⑵ 书名号（《》）：英文没有书名号,书名、报刊名用斜体或者下划线表示.如：
Hamlet / Hamlet 《哈姆雷特》
Winter‘s Tale / Winter‘s Tale 《冬天的童话》
The New York Times / The New York Times 《纽约时报》
另外,英语中文章、诗歌、乐曲、电影、绘画等的名称和交通工具、航天器等的专有名词
也常用斜体来表示.
⑶ 间隔号（?）：汉语有间隔号,用在月份和日期、音译的名和姓等需要隔开的词语的正
中间,如"一二?九"、"奥黛丽?赫本（人名）"等.英语中没有汉语的间隔号,需要间隔时
多用逗点.
⑷ 着重号：有时汉语用在文字下点实心圆点表示需要强调的词语,这些实心点就是着重号
.而英语中没有这一符号,需强调某些成分时可借助文字斜体、某些强调性词汇、特殊句
型、标点停顿等多种方法.
⒉ 英语中的某些标点符号为汉语所没有.
⑴ 撇号--Apostrophe（‘）
⑵ 连字号--Hyphen（-）
⑶ 斜线号—Virgule or Slash（/）：该符号主要起分割作用,如It could be for
staff and / or students. 也常用于标音,如bed /bed/.
⒊ 某些符号在汉英两种语言中的形式不同.
⑴ 中文的句号是空心圈（.）
英文的句号是实心点（.）.
⑵ 英文的省略号是三个点（...）,位置在行底；
中文的为六个点（.）,居于行中.
⑶ 英文的破折号是（-）
中文的是（--）
中国学生常见标点符号错误例析
(1) 顿号、书名号、句号、省略号错误.比较中英文标点符号可见,英文标点中没有中文形
式的顿号、书名号、句号和省略号.而这四种标点符号成了大学英语写作中“借鉴频率较
高的符号.如:
〔错误〕1. While she is reading《Gone With the Wind》, I am cooking.
〔错误〕2. My sister bought a lot of fruits for me , such as banana 、orange 、
apple and pear.
英文中的印刷体用斜体字表示书籍、报刊、戏剧、电影、绘画作品等的名称,在书写体或打
字机打的文本中用字下线表示斜体字;英文常用逗号来代替冒号;而句号是用实心小黑点表
示.故以上两句应改为:
〔修改〕1. While she is reading Gone With the Wind , I am cooking. (印刷体)
或While she is reading Gone With the Wind , I am cooking. (书写体)
〔修改〕2. My sister bought a lot of fruits for me , such as banana , orange
, apple and pear.
还有,英文中的省略号其实是三个句号的并列,许多学生由于受中文影响常错误地把英文省
略号写成六点.
(2) 冒号错误.冒号是中英文兼有的标点符号.在汉语中,冒号是表示提示性话语之后的停
顿,常用在“说、道、讲、问、唱、回答、喊、吼”等动词的后边,以标明下面的话是谁说
的.此用法影响下列英文句子标点:
〔错误〕3. I thought to myself :“What kind of trap is she laying ?”
〔错误〕4. He asked :“Where are you from ?”
以上两例中的冒号在英文中需用逗点表示.汉语中的冒号还可用在“如次“如下“例如“
像等引起下文的提示语后边.在英文表达中,“for example”(例如) 一类的词后常用逗点
代替冒号.
〔错误〕5. Good manners can be seen in everyday life. For example : a person
with good manners is kind and
helpful to others.
〔修改〕5. Good manners can be seen in everyday life. For example , a person
with good manners is kind and helpful to others.
3) 破折号错误.汉语中的破折号标明行文中解释说明的部分,而英文同位语也具有同等说
明的功能,故英文写作中用破折号连接同位语成份的错误也屡见不鲜.如:
〔错误〕6. We are studying and living at the famous university — Beijing
University.
〔修改〕6. We are studying and living at the famous university , Beijing
University.
对于同位语,英语一般使用逗点而不用破折号.英文中破折号的用法远没有中文的丰富.
在大学英语写作中,与语法知识有关的标点错误主要有:
(1) 把非限制性定语从句(non -restrictive attributive clause) 理解成限制性定语从
句(restrictive attributive clause) 而忽略用逗点.如:
〔错误〕7. We were led into a nearest fabric shop that was divided into two
parts.
从句意来看,上句是一个非限制性定语从句,故应在shop 后加逗点,把that 相应改成which
即:
〔修改〕7. We were led into a nearest fabric shop , which was divided into
two parts.
(2) 不论状语从句在整个句子中处于何种位置,一概以逗点隔开.
〔错误〕8. We will go there , if it is fine tomorrow.
状语从句可置于句首或句末.置于句首时,一般要用标点隔开;而置于句末时,则无需与主句
隔开,故 以上句子应改为:
〔修改〕8. If it is fine tomorrow , we will go there. 或We will go there if
it is fine tomorrow.
(3) 在疑问句形式的陈述句后使用问号.
〔错误〕9. What fun we girls could expect , to stay in the same class ,
studying for four long years with them ?I wondered.
〔修改〕9. What fun could we girls expect , to stay in the same class ,
studying for four long years with them , I wondered.
英语疑问除可用问号来表达外,尚可用词序加以表达.故上例的疑问可用逗点表示.
(4) 误把however ,therefore , because , thus 等起联系作用的副词当成并列连词,导致
写作中的逗号粘连(comma splice) 错误.
〔错误〕10. She thought what the teacher pointed out was right , however ,
she didn’t care for that .
两个完整的句子或两个并列句之间不能一概用逗点点开, 可用句号、分号或在逗点后加并
列连词(and , but , or , for , so , nor , yet) 等方法修改.故上例可改为:
〔修改〕10. She thought what the teacher pointed out was right . However ,
she didn’t care for that .
或She thought what the teacher pointed out was right ; however , she didn’t
care for that .
或She thought what the teacher pointed out was right , but she didn’t care
for that .
(5) 与comma splice 相映成趣的是,许多学生作文时,极少考虑句子间的逻辑关系,一个逗
点连首尾,导致大量熔句(fused sentence) 的堆砌.例如:
〔错误〕11. Young men like blue jeans they wear them all the time.
〔修改〕11. Young men like blue jeans ; they wear them all the time.
或Young men like blue jeans. They wear them all the time.
或Young men like blue jeans , and they wear them all the time.
或Young men like blue jeans ; they wear them all the time.
或Since young men like blue jeans , they wear them all the time.
(6) 两个并列的形容词间以and 代替逗点.
〔错误〕12. Through the window , in front of me were large green fields which
reminded me of the small clearing where I spent my lonely and hard childhood.
现代英语表达一般在两个形容词中间不使用and , 而是用逗点分隔.
〔修改〕12. Through the window , in front of me were large green fields which
reminded me of the small clearing where I spent my lonely , hard childhood
因语体错位而造成的标点错误.英文写作是一种书面语的输出.其书面语体的特征要求其
与口头语相区别.口语中存在的大量缩约(contraction) 在书面语体中应尽量避免.而许
多学生在书面作文中大量使用省字号(’),几乎1/ 3 左右的作文在文体上存在漏洞,现代英
语的发展对此却难以容忍.如:
1. I’d like to share my joys with you. ( I would like to)
2. .you can’t behave like that . (you cannot)
3. .there’re so many splendid toys for me to select . (there are)