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英语里的定语重句到底是个什么?如何定义的?

来源:学生作业帮 编辑:搜搜做题作业网作业帮 分类:英语作业 时间:2024/07/11 05:04:35
英语里的定语重句到底是个什么?如何定义的?
英语里的定语重句到底是个什么?如何定义的?
一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句.被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面.二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等.关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分.三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句.限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整.定语从句在复合句中的作用相当于形容词,它在句中作定语修饰名词或代词.被定语从句所修饰的词称先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面.引导定语从句的关联词称为关系代词和关系副词.关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which和as,关系副词有when,where和 why,他们在先行词和定语从句之间起联系作用,同时在意义上代表先行词并在定语从句中担任一个成分.如:The White House is the house where the president of the United States lives and works. 白宫是美国总统居住和工作的地方.(house是先行词,where是关系副词,在从句中作状语) The letter that I received yesterday was from Mary. 我昨天收到的那封信是玛丽寄来的.(that是关系代词,代表先行词letter,在从句中作宾语) 一、关系代词的用法:1、who指人,在从句中作主语.如:The teacher who teaches us English is from Australia. 教我们英语的老师是澳大利亚人.Those who want to go to the Summer Palace must get up early tomorrow. 想去颐和园的朋友们明天要早起床.2、whom指人,在从句中作宾语,在口语及非正式文体中常省略.如:The great artist(whom)you want to see is coming. 你要见的那位艺术家就要来了.The little girl(whom) I spoke to just now is Henry's sister. 我刚才与她说话的那个小姑娘是亨利的妹妹.3、whose多指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语.如:The book whose cover is off is mine. 掉了封面的那本书是我的.This is the boy whose father is a headmaster. 这就是那个爸爸是校长的男孩.4、that多指物,有时也指人,在从句中作主语或宾语,有时作表语.作宾语时常省略.如:The plane that just left is for Paris. 刚飞走的那班飞机是飞往巴黎的.(作主语,指物) Who is the man that is standing at the gate?站在大门口的那个人是谁?(作主语,指人) I lost the coat(that)I bought last week. 我丢了上周刚买的那件外套.(作宾语,指物) He is no longer the man that he was. 他已经不是过去的他了.(作表语,指人) 5、which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常省略.如:Iwantto buy a book which is written in Russian. 我想买本俄文书.(作主语) The news(which)Jack told me is true. 杰克告诉我的那个消息是真的.(作宾语) 6、as指人或事物,在从句中作宾语,有时作主语或表语,常用于“the same(adj.)+名词+as或such(adj.)+名词+as”等结构中及先行词是代词such或 same的情况下.如:I had the same trouble as you(had). 我的麻烦和你的一样.(指事物,作宾语) He is not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像看上去那样傻.(指人,作表语) Let children read such books as will make them better and wiser. 让孩子们读那些使他们聪明向上的书.(指物,作主语) 二、关系副词的用法:关系副词在从句中作状语,其作用相当于介词短语.1、when表示时间,在从句中通常作时间状语.如:The days when we were poor are gone forever. 我们受穷的日子一去不复返了.I will never forget the day when we parted. 我永远不会忘记我们分手的那一天.2、where表示地点,在从句中通常作地点状语.如:Great changes have taken place in the city where she was born. 她出生的那个城市已经发生了巨大的变化.This is the place where the accident happened. 这就是出事地点.3、why表示原因,在从句中作原因状语,其先行词只有reason一词.如:Do you know the reason why it is so hot this summer?你知道今年夏天这么热的原因吗?The reason why they changed the plan is unknown. 他们改变计划的原因并不清楚.