英语翻译National prosperity is created,not inherited.It does not

英语翻译
National prosperity is created,not inherited.It does not grow out of a country's natural endowments,its labor pool,its interest rates,or its currency's value,as classical economics insists.A nation's competitiveness depends on the capacity of its industry to innovate and upgrade.Companies gain advantage against the world's best competitors because of pressure and challenge.They benefit from having strong domestic rivals,aggressive home-based suppliers,and demanding local customers.In a world of increasingly global competition,nations have become more,not less,important.As the basis of competition has shifted more and more to the creation and assimilation of knowledge,the role of the nation has grown.Competitive advantage is created and sustained through a highly localized process.Differences in national values,culture,economic structures,institutions,and histories all contribute to competitive success.There are striking differences in the patterns of competitiveness in every country; no nation can or will be competitive in every or even most industries.Ultimately,nations succeed in particular industries because their home environment is the most forward-looking,dynamic,and challenging.These conclusions,the product of a four-year study of the patterns of competitive success in ten leading trading nations,contradict the conventional wisdom that guides the thinking of many companies and national governments—and that is pervasive today in the United States.(For more about the study,see the insert ''Patterns of National Competitive Success.'') According to prevailing thinking,labor costs,interest rates,exchange rates,and economies of scale are the most potent determinants of competitiveness.In companies,the words of the day are merger,alliance,strategic partnerships,collaboration,and supranational globalization.Managers are pressing for more government support for particular industries.Among governments,there is a growing tendency to experiment with various policies intended to promote national competitiveness—from efforts to manage exchange rates to new measures to manage trade to policies to relax antitrust—which usually end up only undermining it.(See the insert ''What Is National Competitiveness?'') These approaches,now much in favor in both companies and governments,are flawed.They fundamentally misperceive the true sources of competitive advantage.Pursuing them,with all their shortterm appeal,will virtually guarantee that the United States—or any other advanced nation—never achieves real and sustainable competitive advantage.We need a new perspective and new tools—an approach to competitiveness that grows directly out of an analysis of internationally successful industries,without regard for traditional ideology or current intellectual fashion.We need to know,very simply,what works and why.Then we need to apply it.

创建国家繁荣,而不是继承.它不生长出一个国家的自然禀赋,劳动力供应,其利率,或者其货币的价值,因为古典经济学坚持.一个国家的竞争力取决于其创新能力和产业升级.公司对世界上最好的,因为竞争对手的压力和挑战取得优势.
他们受益于强劲的国内竞争对手,以家庭为基础的供应商,并要求当地的客户.在一个日益全球化竞争的世界,各国都变得更多,而不是更少的重要.随着竞争的基础已转向越来越多的创造和知识的同化,民族的作用有所增加.
创建竞争优势并持续通过高度本地化的过程.在国家的价值观,文化,经济结构,体制的差异和历史都有助于在竞争中取得成功.还有,在每一个国家的竞争力模式显着的差异,没有一个国家能够或将在每个甚至绝大多数产业的竞争.最终,国家成功particula
ř行业,因为他们的家庭环境是最具前瞻性的,动态的,富有挑战性.这些结论,一个成功的竞争模式四年的研究中十大贸易国的产品,违背传统的智慧,引导许多企业和国家政府的想法,那就是无处不在联合国今天资讯科技教育的国家.（有关的研究,看到插入''国家竞争形态更成功.''）根据当时的思想,劳动力成本,利率,汇率和规模经济竞争力的最有力的因素.
在公司,一天的话,有合并,结盟,战略伙伴关系,collabor振动性,和超国家的全球化.经理们更迫切特定产业的政府支持.各国政府,有一种日益增长的趋势和各项政策的目的是促进国家竞争力尝试从努力汇率管理的新措施来管理贸易的政策,放宽反垄断的最后往往只能破坏它.（见插入''什么是国家竞争力吗?''）这些方法,现在很多企业和政府都赞成,是有缺陷的.他们从根本上misperceive竞争优势的真正来源.追求他们,他们所有的短期吸引力,无形中保证美国或任何其他先进国家,从来没有实现真正和持久的竞争优势.我们需要一个新的视角和新的工具,一种方法是增长竞争力直接从国际上成功的一个不为传统产业的分析当前意识形态或学术潮流方面.我们需要知道,很简单,是什么在起作用,以及为什么.然后,我们需要应用它.