在英语中状语从句的用法

在英语中状语从句的用法
状语从句的具体用法,例句等一些常见的搭配之类的,

1时间状语从句1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词很多,常见的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等.2. 表示“当…时候”的 while, when, as 的用法区别是：while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词；表示带有规律性的“每当”或当主、从句谓语动词的动作发生有先后时,只能用 when；当表示“一边…一边…”或“随着”时,只能用 as.另外,用于此义的 as 所引导的时间状语从句谓语只能是动作动词,不能是状态动词.如下面一道高考题的答案是 B 而不能是A：“I’m going to the post office.” “_____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?”A. As B. While C. Because D. If3. until 在肯定句中通常只连用延续性动词,表示相应动作结束的时间；在否定句中通常连用非延续性动词,表示相应动作开始的时间,意为“直到…才”.如：He waited until she was about to leave. 他等着一直到她准备离开.I did not begin to work till he had gone. 他走了后我才开始工作.4 every time, each time, (the) next time, (the) last time, by the time, the first time, any time 等以 time 结尾的词语也可用作连词,引导时间状语从句.如：Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你进来,请关门.He didn’t tell me anything the last time I saw him. 上次我见到他时他什么也没告诉我.By the time I got home, she had already gone to bed. 我到家时她已睡觉了.2条件状语从句1. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有 if, unless, as [so] long as等.如：Don’t come unless I telephone. 除非我打电话,否则你别来.If you watch carefully you will see how to do it. 如果你仔细瞧你会看出该怎样做.As long as you do your best, we’ll be happy. 只要你尽力,我们就满意了.2. in case 也可引导条件状语从句,其意为“如果”、“万一”.如：In case I forget, please remind me about it. 如果我忘了,请提醒我.3让步状语从句1. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有 although, though, however (=no matter how), even if(即使), whether…or(不论…还是)等连词.如：The speech is good, though it could be better. 这次演讲不错,虽然还可以再好一点.He went out even though it was raining. 尽管下雨,他还是出去了.2. as 也可引导让步状语从句,但要将名词、形容词或副词等提到 as 前,若提前的是单数可数名词,要省略 a / an.如：Teacher as he is, he can’t know everything. 虽然是老师,他也不可能什么都懂.4原因状语从句1. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that)等：They can’t have gone out because the light’s on. 他们不可能出去了,因为灯还亮着.Since you are going, I will go. 既然你去,我也去.Now that we are alone, we can speak freely. 现在我们单独在一起,可以随便谈了.2. 除以上提到的大家比较熟悉的引导原因状语从句的从属连词外,when有时也可引导原因状语从句,其意“既然”.如：I can’t tell you when you won't listen. 既然你不想听,我就不告诉你了.3. 有关原因状语从句还应注意以下几点：(1) as 与 since, now that 一样表示双方都知道的原因,通常位于主句前,且均不可用于强调结构被强调.(2) 当表示直接的因果关系,回答 why 时,或有 only, just, all, partly, not, but 等副词修饰时,或用在强调结构中都只能用 because.(3) for 有时也可引出表示原因的分句,但它只能位于后面,对前一分句加以解释或推断.(4) 不要受汉语意思影响将表示“因为”的连词与表示“所以”的 so 连用.5地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要有where (在…的地方), wherever(无论什么地方), everywhere(每个…地方), anywhere(任何…地方).如：I’m not living where I was. 我不在原处住了.You can’t camp where [wherever, anywhere] you like these days. 如今你可不能随便在哪儿宿营.Everywhere I go, I find the same thing. 不管我走到哪里,我都发现同样情况.2. 有的同学认为地点状语从句在平时见得不多,误认为考试不会涉及,但恰恰相反,地点状语从句却是英语考试经常考查的一个知识点.请看以下考题：(1) When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _____ you have any questions.A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where (2) After the war, a new school building was put up _____ there had once been a theatre. A. that B. where C. which D. when (3) You should make it a rule to leave things _____ you can find them again. A. when B. where C. then D. there(4) She found her calculator ______ she lost it. A. where B. when C. in which D. that 以上四题均选where,其意为“在…的地方”,用以引导地点状语从句.6目的状语从句1. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等.如：I hired a boat so that I could go fishing. 我租了一条船去钓鱼.Take your coat in case it rains (should rain). 带着雨衣以防下雨.He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力学习,是为了能通过考试.2. 引导目的状语从句的 so that 有时可省so 或 that,即单独用 so 或 that 来引导目的状语从句.如：Check carefully, so any mistake will be caught. 仔细检查,以便任何错误都可检查出.Bring it closer that I might see it better. 拿近些,使我能看得清楚些.7结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有so that, so…that, such…that等.如：He was so angry that he couldn't speak. 他气得话都说不出来.He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗子用力很大,结果玻璃震破了.注：so…that和such…that中的that有时(尤其在口语中)可省略. 英语语法详让步状语从句（三大方面）一、引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要的有although, though, even though, even if等：Although he is poor, he’s still happy. 虽然他很穷,他仍然很快乐.I will try it, though I may fail. 即使我可能失败, 我也要试一下.We’ll go even if it rains. 即使下雨我们也要去.【注】除以上提到的大家比较熟悉的引导让步状语从句外,还应注意以下情况：(1) 用when 和while引导让步状语从句.不要认为when和while只引导时间状语从句,其实它们也可引导让步状语从句,意思是“尽管”或“虽然”：She stopped when she ought to have continued. 尽管她应该继续下去,她却停住了.While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you. 虽然我理解你的意思,但我还是不同意.(2) 用whether…or…引导让步状语从句：I’ll do it whether you like it or not. 不管你是否喜欢,我都要做.Whether we help him or not, he will fail. 不论我们帮助他与否, 他都将失败.(3) 用whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever 等引导让步状语从句：He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么,他就做什么.Come whenever you like. 你爱什么时候来就什么时候来.二、whatever, however 等-ever词用法说明这些词的用法应注意以下几点：(1) 它们均可引导让步状语从句,意为“无论…”：Whatever you say, I believe you. 无论你说什么,我都相信你.Whoever telephones, tell them I’m out. 不管是谁打电话,都说我出去了.Whichever day you come, I’ll be pleased to see you. 无论你哪天来,我都欢迎.Whenever you come, you are welcome. 你什么时候来,我们都欢迎.Wherever he goes, I’ll go. 不管他去哪里,我也去.(2) 它们引导让步状语从句时,通常可换成no matter…,如说：No matter what you say, I believe you. 无论你说什么,我都相信你.No matter when you come, you are welcome. 你什么时候来,我们都欢迎.No matter how much he eats, he never gets fat. 无论他吃多少, 他都不发胖.(3) 注意however以下两类句型结构：① however+主语+谓语：However you travel, it’ll take you at least three days. 不管你怎么走,至少要三天.However you come, be sure to come early. 不管你怎么来,一定要早来.② however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语：However much he eats, he never gets fat. 无论他吃多少, 他都不发胖.However cold it is, she always goes swimming. 不管天多冷,她都会去游泳.有时该结构中的主语和谓语可以有所省略：He was of some help, however small. 他总能帮些忙,不管多小的忙.I refuse, however favorable the condition. 不管条件多好,我都不接受.(4) 有时从句谓语可用情态动词：I’ll find him, wherever he is [may be]. 无论他在哪里,我都要找到他.Keep calm, whatever happens [may happen]. 无论发生什么事都要保持冷静.(5) whenever有时可引导时间状语从句,wherever 有时可引导地点状语从句：Whenever we see him we speak to him. 每次见到他,我们都和他说话.They teach wherever their pupils are working. 学生在哪里工作,教师们就在哪里上课.三、让步状语从句与倒装引导倒装的让步状语从句通常用as和though,但不是能用although：Poor though I am, I can afford it. 我虽穷,但这东西还是买得起的.Much as I like Paris, I couldn’t live there. 尽管我喜欢巴黎,但我不能住在那里.【注】as 可以在以上这样的倒装结构中引出让步状语,但若不倒装,则不能用as,而与之相反,although在不倒装的结构中可引导让步状语,但在倒装的结构中却不可以用.英语语法详原因状语从句(四大点) 一、引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要的有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that)等：The woolly shrank because it was washed badly. 毛衣因洗得不得法而缩水.I can’t get to sleep because of the noise outside. 由于外面声音嘈杂我睡不着.Since [As] we’ve no money, we can’t buy it. 由于我们没钱,我们无法购买它.Seeing that it’s raining, we’d better stay indoors. 既然外边在下雨,我们最好待在室内.Now that you are here, you’d better stay. 你既然来了,最好还是留下吧(既来之,则安之).【注】除以上提到的大家比较熟悉的引导原因状语从句的从属连词外,when有时也可引导原因状语从句(when表示“既然”)：I can’t tell you when you won’t listen. 既然你不想听,我就不告诉你了.二、关于 not…because 结构该结构中的否定词有时否定主句,有时否定从句,一般要根据句子的意思作出正确或合乎逻辑的理解.若not否定主句,最好在because之前用逗号,否则会引起歧义,如下句在没有特定上下文时就有两种解释：I didn’t go because I was afraid. 我没有去是因为怕./ 我不是因为怕才去.不过若because之前有just修饰,一般认为not 是否定从句的：You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 你不要因为有人说你坏话而生气.三、because 习惯上不与 so 连用汉语习惯上说“因为…所以…”,但英语习惯上却不能将 so 与 because 连用：因为下雨,所以我们呆在家里.正：Because it was raining, we stayed at home. / It was raining, so we stayed at home.误：Because it was raining, so we stayed at home.四、because 从句与 because of 短语的转换Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because of 短语转换：He can’t come because he is ill. / He can’t come because of his illness. 他因病不能来.I said nothing about it because his wife was there. / I said nothing about it because of his wife’s being there. 因为他妻子在那儿,我对此事只字未提