英语翻译Stock exchange is an organized market for buying and sel

英语翻译
Stock exchange is an organized market for buying and selling financial instruments,including stocks,options,and futures.Most stock exchanges have specific places where stockbrokers conduct trading—that is,buying and selling.Stocks are not always traded on a stock exchange.Some are traded over the counter,without a specific central trading location.
Stock exchanges serve important roles in national economies.They encourage investment by providing places for buyers and sellers to trade securities,stocks,bonds,and other financial instruments.Companies issue stocks and bonds to obtain capital to expand their business.
Corporations issue new securities in the primary market,usually with the help of investment bankers.In the primary market,corporations receive the proceeds of stock sales.From then on,they are not involved in the trading of stocks.Owners of stocks trade them on a stock exchange in the secondary market.
In the secondary market,investors,not companies,earn the profits or bear the losses resulting from their trades.Stock exchanges encourage investment by providing this secondary market.By allowing investors to sell securities,exchanges increase the safety of investing.
Stock exchanges also encourage investment in other ways.They protect investors by making rules and regulations that ensure buyers will be treated fairly and receive exactly what they pay for.Exchanges also support state-of-the-art technology and the business of brokering,which both help traders to buy and sell securities quickly and efficiently.
Major stock exchanges in the United States include the New York Stock Exchange and the American Stock Exchange.In addition,most of the world’s industrialized nations have stock exchanges.Among the larger international exchanges are those in London,England; Paris,France; Milan,Italy; Hong Kong,China; and Tokyo,Japan.

证券市场是一个有组织的买卖金融商品的市场,这包括股票、选择权、期货.多数证券市场有固定的场所,股票经纪人们在这里进行交易－也就是买卖.股票并非都是在证券市场交易.一些股票也在非中心场所私下交易.
证券市场在国民经济中扮演着重要角色.它为证券、股票、债券等金融产品的买家和卖家提供场所,从而鼓励投资.公司通过发行股票和债券来融资以扩展业务.公司在投资银行的帮助下在一级市场发行新的股票和债券.公司在一级市场拿到发行股票得到的投资,此后就和股票的交易无关了.持股人在证券市场的二级市场交易股票.
在二级市场,投资者（而非公司）在交易中获取利润或承担损失.证券市场通过二级市场鼓励投资.通过允许投资者卖掉股票,投资的安全性增加了.
证券市场也有其他的方法鼓励投资.他们制定规则保护投资人,以确保所有买家都得到公正待遇和得到他们所买的商品.证券市场通过使用高新技术和股票经济人（替投资人买卖股票者）帮助投资者快速高效的买卖股票.
美国的主要证券市场包括纽约证券交易所和美国证券交易所.此外,世界上大部分主要工业国家都有证券市场.其中较大的有英国伦敦、法国巴黎、意大利米兰、中国香港和日本东京.