英语翻译Owing to the manner in which the law of torts has been d

英语翻译
Owing to the manner in which the law of torts has been developed in Common Law Courts,and to the absence of any clear general principle of tortuous liability,there is no classification of torts which is at once scientific and practical.
The type of classification most generally adopted in textbooks is:(a)torts committed in the respect of personal safety and liberty e.g.,assault and battery,false imprisonment; (b) torts in respect of personal reputation,viz.,libel and slander; (c) torts committed in respect of property,e.g.,trespass to land and goods,nuisance and conversation; (d)interference with family,contractual and business relations,including conspiracy and slander of title;(e) deceit; (f) negligence,which may be in respect of person or property;and (g)abuse of legal procudure,e.g.,malicious prosecution.Even if we included all those which have special names our classification would not exhaust all torts,for there are some torts which have no names,and there are other wrongs about which it is uncertain whether they are torts or not.“Thus,” said Winfield,“as a family group,torts may be divided into those which received names soon after birth,those which seem to be awaiting baptism in their riper years and those whose paternity is uncertain enough to make it doubtful whether they ought to be included in te family at all,”
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由于侵权法在普通法法院中的发展模式,再加上侵权责任缺乏明确的基本原则,就没有关于侵权的科学、实用的分类.
教科书中经常采用的分类方法是：（1）有关人身安全和自由的侵权,比如企图伤害罪和殴击、非法监禁等；（2）有关个人名誉的侵权,比如诽谤；（3）有关财产方面的侵权,例如非法侵入土地、侵犯财产、公害和败坏生活作风；（4）妨害家庭关系、合同和商业关系,包括共谋、针对财产所有权的诽谤诉讼；（5）欺诈；（6）过失行为（有关人身或者财产的）；（7）滥用法律程序,比如恶意控告.即使我们涵盖所有的这些有特定名称的侵权,我们的分类也不能概括所有的侵权方式,因为有些侵权方式没有名称,还有一些不法行为不能确定是否属于侵权.“因此,” Winfield说,“作为一个小组,侵权行为可以划分为一出现就有名称的、在发展的过程中获得名字的、以及那些身份不明以至于不能确定是否属于侵权的行为.