英语翻译3.2对沟通过程的影响3.2.1文化差异对语言沟通的影响.沟通方式因文化而异.有些地方人们多采用直接或简单的沟通

英语翻译
3.2对沟通过程的影响
3.2.1文化差异对语言沟通的影响.
沟通方式因文化而异.有些地方人们多采用直接或简单的沟通方式,有些地方多采用间接或复杂的方式.美国人办事干脆利落,不兜圈子.正是因为美国人具有这种干脆的态度,与美国人谈判,表达意见要直接,“是”与“否”必须清楚.中国人非常讲面子,他们不愿对任何事情说 “不”字.他们认为直接的拒绝会使对方难堪,甚至恼怒,是极大的无礼.所以在同中国商人谈判时,表达要尽量委婉,切忌妄下最后通牒.
3.2.2文化差异对非语言沟通的影响.
文化差异对谈判过程的影响还表现在非语言的沟通中.谈判者在形体语言、动作语言的运用上有着巨大的差异,甚至同样的动作语言传递着截然相反的信息.此外,每个人都有自己的私人空间,当他人侵入私人空间时,我们会变得极端不安.但这一“私人空间”的范围却因文化而有所不同.一般来说,强调个人主义的文化比强调集体主义的文化需要的个人空间大.如,美国人之间交谈的距离是将近1m.但对中国人来讲通常是0．5～1m.
3.3对人际关系的影响
西方社会的基础是以市场交换和市场竞争为主要特征的现代市场经济,在这种社会中,人们追求的是利润最大化,在这种社会中形成的人际关系主要是利益关系,遵循公事公办的规则,而人情关系则十分淡漠.生意归生意,朋友归朋友,公私分得很清楚.而受儒家文化的影响,东方文化则更具有“人情味”,人际关系网的建立往往在谈判中发挥关键作用,人们之间不主要以利益交换为基础,更重视非经济性资源的人情关系,所谓“买卖不成仁义在”.如与中国人进行第一次洽谈,首先应进行拜访,让本公司地位较高的负责人拜访对方同等地位的负责人,以引起对方的重视,将有利于接下来的正式谈判.
3.4对决策方式的影响
在谈判中知道对方谁具有做出评价的权力,决策是怎样做出来的是非常重要的.文化是影响决策方式的一个重美国,采取自上而下做出决策,谈判的主要负责人具有完成任务时决策的所有权力和精力,这样就可以尽快完成谈判.而在中国,强调共同参与和群体决策,所有成员协商一致,自下而上集体决策,所以中国人做出一项决策要

The influence of communication process 3.2
3.2.1 cultural differences on the influence of language communication.
Communication way because of cultural differences. In some places, people use more directly or simple way of communication, some places by indirect or more complicated way. Americans do not beat around the bush, flat and agile. Because americans have this simply attitude, with American negotiations, express opinions to directly, "yes" or "no" must be clear. The Chinese people are very usually, they don't want any thing to say "no". They think direct refused to will make the other embarrassed, even anger, is a great rude. So with Chinese businessman talks, express should as far as possible, avoid by all means euphemism testified an ultimatum.
3.2.2 cultural differences on the influence of nonverbal communication.
Cultural differences on the negotiation process affect still behave in nonverbal communication. Negotiators in form, language, movements, the language utilization has the huge difference, even the same action language transfer the opposite information. In addition, everyone has his own private space, when others invading private space, we will become extremely upset. But this "private space" the scope and because of cultural and differ somewhat. Generally speaking, emphasize individualism culture than emphasize of collectivism and cultural needs of the individual space is large. Such as, americans talk between the distance is nearly 1-m. But for Chinese speaking is usually 0.5 ~ 1-m.
The influence of 3.3 on interpersonal relationship
The western society based on market exchange and market competition as the main characters of the modern market economy, in this kind of society, people are in pursuit of profit maximization, in this kind of social formation in the interpersonal relationship is mainly benefit relationship, follow the business is business rule, and the human relations are very indifference. Business to business and friendship, public and private share very clearly. By Confucian cultural influences, Oriental culture is more with "human", establishing relationships often plays a key role in the negotiations between people, not mainly interest exchange as the foundation, pay more attention to the economic resources human relations, the so-called "business fails in righteousness. As with Chinese the first negotiations, should first visit, making our company high status in charge of visit each other equal status to cause the person in charge of the other's attention, will benefit the next formal negotiations.
3.4 on decision-making influenced by the way
In the negotiations know each other who has made evaluation of power, decision-making is how to make is very important. Culture is a heavy influence decision-making mode American, adopt top-down decisions and negotiations with the principal task when all the power and energy decision as soon as possible so that we can complete the negotiation. While in China, emphasizing the common participation and group decision, all members a negotiated consensus, bottom-up collective decision, so the Chinese made a decision to