两正数数列{an} {bn}满足:an,bn,a(n+1)成等差数列,bn,a(n+1),b(n+1)成等比数列 a1=
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两正数数列{an} {bn}满足:an,bn,a(n+1)成等差数列,bn,a(n+1),b(n+1)成等比数列 a1=1 b1=2 a2=3.求{an} {bn}通项公式.
![两正数数列{an} {bn}满足:an,bn,a(n+1)成等差数列,bn,a(n+1),b(n+1)成等比数列 a1=](/uploads/image/z/18866948-68-8.jpg?t=%E4%B8%A4%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%B0%E6%95%B0%E5%88%97%7Ban%7D+%7Bbn%7D%E6%BB%A1%E8%B6%B3%3Aan%2Cbn%2Ca%28n%2B1%29%E6%88%90%E7%AD%89%E5%B7%AE%E6%95%B0%E5%88%97%2Cbn%2Ca%28n%2B1%29%2Cb%28n%2B1%29%E6%88%90%E7%AD%89%E6%AF%94%E6%95%B0%E5%88%97+a1%3D)
①必要性:
设{an}成等差数列,公差为d,∵{an}成等差数列.
bn=(a1+2a2+…+nan)/(1+2+3+…n)=[a1(1+2+...+n)+d(1*2+2*3+...+(n-1)*n)/(1+n...+n)=a1+2(n-1)d/3,
从而bn+1-bn=a1+2nd/3-a1-2(n-1)d/3=2d/3为常数.?
故{bn}是等差数列,公差为 2d/3.
②充分性:
设{bn}是等差数列,公差为d′,则bn=(n-1)d′?
∵bn*(1+2+…+n)=a1+2a2+…+nan ①
bn-1*(1+2+…+n-1)=a1+2a2+…+(n-1)an ②
①-②得:nan=n(n+1)bn/2-n(n-1)(bn-1)/2?
∴an=(n+1)bn/2-(n-1)(bn-1)/2=(n+1)[b1+(n-1)d']/2-(n-1)[b1+(n-2)d']/2=b1+3(n-1)d'/2 ,
从而得an+1-an= 3d′/2为常数,故{an}是等差数列.
综上所述,数列{an}成等差数列的充要条件是数列{bn}也是等差数列.
设{an}成等差数列,公差为d,∵{an}成等差数列.
bn=(a1+2a2+…+nan)/(1+2+3+…n)=[a1(1+2+...+n)+d(1*2+2*3+...+(n-1)*n)/(1+n...+n)=a1+2(n-1)d/3,
从而bn+1-bn=a1+2nd/3-a1-2(n-1)d/3=2d/3为常数.?
故{bn}是等差数列,公差为 2d/3.
②充分性:
设{bn}是等差数列,公差为d′,则bn=(n-1)d′?
∵bn*(1+2+…+n)=a1+2a2+…+nan ①
bn-1*(1+2+…+n-1)=a1+2a2+…+(n-1)an ②
①-②得:nan=n(n+1)bn/2-n(n-1)(bn-1)/2?
∴an=(n+1)bn/2-(n-1)(bn-1)/2=(n+1)[b1+(n-1)d']/2-(n-1)[b1+(n-2)d']/2=b1+3(n-1)d'/2 ,
从而得an+1-an= 3d′/2为常数,故{an}是等差数列.
综上所述,数列{an}成等差数列的充要条件是数列{bn}也是等差数列.
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