英语翻译In ancient(古代) time the most important examinations were

英语翻译
In ancient(古代) time the most important examinations were spoken,not written.In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome ,testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.
In the European universities of the Middle Ages,students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study of the subject.This custom exists today as part of the work of testing candidates（候选人）for a master's or doctor's degree.
Generally,however,modern examinations are written.Two types of tests are commonly used in modern schools.The first types sometimes called an objective (客观性) test,it is intended to deal with facts.,not personal opinions.To make up an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions,each of which has only one correct answer.Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like answers to students who have mot learned the material properly.
The student has just one task:he must recognize the correct answer and copy its letter or number on his examination paper.
For testing a student's memory of facts and details,the objective test has advantages.It can find out a great deal about the student's range of knowledge.
For testing some kinds of learning,however,such a test is not very satisfactory.A lucky student may guess the correct answer without really knowing the material.

古时候最重要的考试是说,而不是写.在古希腊和罗马的学校,测试通常包括诗歌朗读或发表讲话.
在欧洲中世纪大学,学生工作先进程度必须讨论和他们研究领域主题相关的问题.今天这个习俗作为测试候选人能否获得硕士或博士学位工作的一部分而存在.
然而,一般来说,现代考试是写.在现代学校,两种类型的测试被普遍使用.第一种类型有时称为客观测试,它的目的是处理事实,不是他个人的意见.为做客观测试,老师写了一系列问题,其中每个只有一个正确答案.在每个问题中,老师给出正确答案,还有三个备选项——学生认为有可能是答案的相关材料.
学生只有一个任务：他必须认识到正确的答案,在他的试卷上复制其字母或数字.
在测试学生对于事实和细节的记忆方面,客观测试有优势.它可以找到很多关于学生的知识范围.
然而,对于某些种类的学习测试,这种测试是不是很理想.一个幸运的学生可能猜出正确的答案,没有真正了解的材料.