英语翻译Where Did the “PPP” Term Originate?Stimulated by the IAS

英语翻译
Where Did the “PPP” Term Originate?
Stimulated by the IASIA group interest,a search for origins of the term “PPP”
began.What initially appeared to be a pioneering use was found in a book
published in the US during the Reagan presidency,relating particularly to
a loosely bipartisan (Republican/Democrat) campaign to “save the cities”.It
explored “the potential for and the limits two an expanded role for private
corporations in meeting social needs,and ...possibilities for new modes of
public-private collaboration” (Brooks et al 1984).
Urban Regeneration
Obviously this book pre-dated Britain’s PFI (by nine years).A report
to the IASIA working group suggested that,both in its title and in its
message,it had “contributed in important ways to drawing attention to
public-private partnerships as an issue deserving much greater attention
than it had hitherto received” (Wettenhall 1999:3-4,italics in original).
Further sleuthing has shown that it did not stand alone – rather that the
field of urban regeneration was by the mid-1980s producing its own notinconsiderable
literature on arrangements increasingly being described
as PPPs.Though the actual term was probably not in use,the seeds of
this application could be found in much earlier urban planning practice
and study (see,eg,Boyer 1983:240,285; Davis 1986:1),with quite specific
acceptance that PPP was “developed as a policy tool” during the presidency
of Jimmy Carter from 1977 to 1981 (Lyall 1986:4).5
The Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration
124
不要那种软件翻译，未加修改的

绝对手译,如满意要加分哟!
Where Did the “PPP” Term Originate?
Stimulated by the IASIA group interest,a search for origins of the term “PPP” began.What initially appeared to be a pioneering use was found in a book published in the US during the Reagan presidency,relating particularly to a loosely bipartisan (Republican/Democrat) campaign to “save the cities”.It explored “the potential for and the limits two an expanded role for private corporations in meeting social needs,and ...possibilities for new modes of public-private collaboration” (Brooks et al 1984).
公私合作（PPP）这术语源自何处?
寻找术语‘PPP’的根源是受国际行政院校联合会（IASIA）团体利益的驱使而开始的.它先前草创于美国雷根总统任期间出版的一本书中,特别关系到一个松散的两党合作（共和党与民主党）“拯救城市”的运动.它探讨“扩大私营企业满足社会需求角色的潜力与极限,和…公私合作新模式的可能性.”（Brooks 等人 1984年文献）.
Urban Regeneration
Obviously this book pre-dated Britain’s PFI (by nine years).A report to the IASIA working group suggested that,both in its title and in its message,it had “contributed in important ways to drawing attention to public-private partnerships as an issue deserving much greater attention than it had hitherto received” (Wettenhall 1999:3-4,italics in original).
城市复兴
显然,该书比英国 ’私人财政计划’（PFI）的出台早了九年.一份呈给IASIA工作小组的报告中建议,它曾在其标题和传达的信息中,以重要的方式做过贡献,将迄今本应更受关注的公私合作课题引起大众的注意.（Wettenhall 1999年：3-4,原稿用斜体字）.
Further sleuthing has shown that it did not stand alone – rather that the field of urban regeneration was by the mid-1980s producing its own notinconsiderable literature on arrangements increasingly being described as PPPs.Though the actual term was probably not in use,the seeds of this application could be found in much earlier urban planning practice and study (see,eg,Boyer 1983:240,285; Davis 1986:1),with quite specific acceptance that PPP was “developed as a policy tool” during the presidency of Jimmy Carter from 1977 to 1981 (Lyall 1986:4).5 The Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration 124
更多的调查后显示PPP并非独立桥头；到了1980年代中期,城市复兴领域的许多安排措施,在其为数不少的文献中被日益增多地描述为PPP.也许没有实际使用这个术语,但在更早的城市规划的实践与研究里已能发现它的苗头（可以参阅例如Boyer 1983年:240,285；Davis 1986年：1）；从1977年至1981年卡特总统任期间,PPP被具体接受为‘可发展的政策工具’（Lyall 1986年：4）.5.亚太公共行政杂志124.
【英语牛人团】