英语翻译We typically associate the word “science” with a person

英语翻译
We typically associate the word “science” with a person in a white coat doing experiments in a laboratory.Ideally,experiments should play as big a role in the human sciences as they do in the natural sciences; but in practice this is not usually the case.The are at least three reasons for this.
1．Human scientists are often trying to make sense of complex real world situations in which it is simply impossible to run controlled experiment.
2．The artificiality of some of the experiments that can be conducted may make the behavior of the participants abnormal.
3．There are moral reasons for not conducting experiments that have a negative effect on the people who participate in them.
Faced with the above difficulties,what are human scientists to do?One solution is to wait for nature to provide the appropriate experimental conditions.We can,for example,learn something about how a normal brain functions by looking at people who have suffered brain damage; and we can gain some understanding into the roles played by genes and the environment by studying twins,who have been separated at birth and brought up in different families.In the case of economics,economic history can provide us with a bank of-admittedly not very well-controlled-experimental data.
However,human scientists do not just sit around waiting for natural experiments to arise.They also think of some experiments of their own.Suppose you want to know how a baby sees the world.We cannot,of course,ask the baby since it has not yet learnt to speak.So it might seem that all we can do is guess.People usually won’t change their mind until it was found out that babies tend to stare at surprising things longer than at unsurprising ones.This key understanding was like opening a window on to the developing mind.There was now a way of testing babies’ expectations and getting some idea of how they are six months old,babies can already do the following things:figuring out that objects consist of parts that move together being aware of the difference between living and non-living things and even doing simple arithmetic work.

我们通常会联想到在一个白色的在实验室做实验大衣的人的话,Äúscience,金.理想情况下,试验应发挥大在人文科学的作用,因为他们在自然科学领域做,但在实践中这通常不是这样.这至少有三个原因.
1ø º éHuman科学家们往往试图使局势复杂的现实世界中,这是根本不可能的运行控制的实验意义.
2Ô º埃特矫揉造作的是可进行可能使参与者的行为异常的一些实验.
3Ø º éThere是不进行实验,有一人谁在参与这些负面影响的道德理由.
面对上述困难,什么是人类的科学家们做什么?一种解决方案是等待大自然提供适当的实验条件.我们可以,例如,学习一些关于如何由一个正常的大脑功能在谁遭受脑损伤的人看的,我们可以得到一些成由基因和环境研究方面发挥双胞胎,谁在出生时已分离和作用的理解在不同的家庭长大.在经济情况,经济史可以提供我们的银行,固然没有很好的控制,实验数据.
然而,人类的科学家们不只是坐在那里等待的自然实验出现.同时,他们认为对他们自己的一些实验.假设你想知道如何婴儿看到的世界.我们不能,当然,因为它要求尚未学会说话的婴儿.因此,似乎所有我们能做的是猜测.人们通常韩元,气溶胶改变主意,直到它被发现,婴儿往往盯着奇怪的东西比不足为奇的更长.这关键的理解是像打开一个窗口到发展中国家的态度.现在有一个婴儿的测试鳌峰期望和得到一些他们如何有6个月龄的婴儿已经可以做以下事情：计算出该物体的部件一起移动的福利之间的差异不知道生活和思想方式组成生活的事情,甚至做简单的算术运算工作.